«ENCÍCLICAS PAPALES»
"ENCYCLICAL LETTERS"
POPE JOHN PAUL II
Laborem Exercens
"the encyclical "Rerum Novarum," which has the social question as its theme, stresses this issue also, recalling and confirming the church’s teaching on ownership, on the right to private property even when it is a question of the means of production. the encyclical "Mater et Magistra" did the same....the above principle, as it was then stated and as it is still taught by the church, diverges radically from the program of collectivism as proclaimed by Marxism and put into practice in various countries in the decades following the time of LEO XIII’s encyclical".
POPE JOHN XXIII
Mater et Magistra
"private property, including that of productive goods is a natural right possessed by all, which the state may by no means suppress".
"the right of private property, including that pertaining to goods devoted to productive enterprises, is permanently valid".
"experience and history testify that where political regimes do not allow to private individuals the possession also of productive goods, the exercise of human liberty is violated or completely destroyed in matters of primary importance. thus it becomes clear that in the right of property, the exercise of liberty finds both a safeguard and a stimulus".
"the right of private ownership is clearly evident in the gospels".
"the views of communists, as they are called, and of Christians are radically opposed. nor may Catholics, in any way, give approbation to the teachings of socialists who seemingly profess more moderate views. from their basic outlook it follows that, inasmuch as the order of social life is confined to time, it is directed solely to temporal welfare; that since the social relationships of men pertain merely to the production of goods, human liberty is excessively restricted and the true concept of social authority is overlooked".
POPE JOHN XXIII
"Pacem in Terris"
"the dignity of the human person also requires that every man enjoy the right to act freely and responsibly. for this reason, therefore, in social relations man should exercise his rights, fulfill his obligations and, in the countless forms of collaboration with others, act chiefly on his own responsibility and initiative".
POPE PAUL VI
Octogesima Adveniens
"the most revolutionary ideologies lead only to a change of masters; once installed in power in their turn, these new masters surround themselves with privileges, limit freedoms and allow other forms of injustice to become established".
POPE LEO XIII
"Rerum Novarum"
"the family, or rather the society of the household, a very small society indeed, but a true one, and older than any polity! for that reason it must have certain rights and duties of its own entirely independent of the state. thus, right of ownership, which we have shown to be bestowed on individual persons by nature, must be assigned to man in his capacity as head of a family. nay rather, this right is all the stronger, since the human person in family life embraces much more".
"rights indeed, by whomsoever possessed, must be religiously protected; and public authority, in warding off injuries and punishing wrongs, ought to see to it that individuals may have and hold what belongs to them".
"the fact that god gave the whole human race the earth to use and enjoy cannot indeed in any manner serve as an objection against private possessions. for god is said to have given the earth to mankind in common, not because he intended indiscriminate ownership of it by all, but because he assigned no part to anyone in ownership, leaving the limits of private possessions to be fixed by the industry of men and the institutions of peoples".
"for this reason it also follows that private possessions are clearly in accord with nature....no one in any way should be permitted to violate his right".
"the human race as a whole, by the practice of all ages, has consecrated private possession as something best adapted to man’s nature and to peaceful and tranquil living together. now civil laws, which, when just, derive their powers from the natural law itself, confirm and, even by the use of force, protect this right of which we speak.-and this same right has been sanctioned by the authority of the divine law, which forbids us most strictly even to desire what belongs to another".
"the capital point is this, that private property ought to be safeguarded by the sovereign power of the state and through the bulwark of its laws".
"while justice does not oppose our striving for better things, on the other hand, it does forbid anyone to take from another what is his and, in the name of a certain absurd equality, to seize forcibly the property of others; nor does the interest of the common good itself permit this....the whole question under consideration cannot be settled effectually unless it is assumed and established as a principle, that the right of private property must be regarded as sacred".
"in as much as the socialists seek to transfer the goods of private persons to the community at large, they make the lot of all wage earners worse, because in abolishing the freedom to dispose of wages they take away from them by this very act the hope and the opportunity of increasing their property and of securing advantages for themselves".
"and, after all, would justice permit anyone to own and enjoy that upon which another has toiled? as effects follow the cause producing them, so it is just that the fruit of labor belongs precisely to those who have performed the labor".
"let it be regarded, therefore, as established that in seeking help for the masses this principle before all is to be considered as basic, namely, that private ownership must be preserved inviolate"...
POPE PIUS XI
"Quadragesimo Anno"
"the creator himself has given man the right of private ownership".
"the natural right itself both of owning goods privately and of passing them on by inheritance ought always to remain intact and inviolate, since this indeed is a right that the state cannot take away".
"we make this pronouncement: whether considered as a doctrine, or an historical fact, or a movement, socialism, if it remains true socialism, even after it has yielded to truth and justice on the points which we have mentioned, cannot be reconciled with the teachings of the catholic church because its concept of society itself is utterly foreign to Christian truth".
"Christian socialism are contradictory terms; no one can be at the same time a good catholic and a true socialist".
"we have also summoned communism and socialism again to judgment and have found all their forms, even the most modified, to wander far from the precepts of the gospel".
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